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    <note>Source: Ministry of Justice, Japan (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/174) PDL1.0 (https://www.digital.go.jp/en/resources/open_data/public_data_license_v1.0). Created by BTB Translations by editing the source: excerpt of the Preamble and Articles 1-14; sentence pairs aligned automatically by PDF Aligner (Claude Sonnet 5), shown in document order; one pair (Article 4) split by hand. The English translation is unofficial; only the Japanese text has legal effect.</note>
  </header>
  <body>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>日本国憲法</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>The Constitution of Japan</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>（昭和二十一年十一月三日憲法）</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>(Constitution November 3, 1946)</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>日本国民は、正当に選挙された国会における代表者を通じて行動し、われらとわれらの子孫のために、諸国民との協和による成果と、わが国全土にわたつて自由のもたらす恵沢を確保し、政府の行為によつて再び戦争の惨禍が起ることのないやうにすることを決意し、ここに主権が国民に存することを宣言し、この憲法を確定する。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>We, the Japanese people, acting through our duly elected representatives in the National Diet, determined that we shall secure for ourselves and our posterity the fruits of peaceful cooperation with all nations and the blessings of liberty throughout this land, and resolved that never again shall we be visited with the horrors of war through the action of government, do proclaim that sovereign power resides with the people and do firmly establish this Constitution.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>そもそも国政は、国民の厳粛な信託によるものであつて、その権威は国民に由来し、その権力は国民の代表者がこれを行使し、その福利は国民がこれを享受する。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>Government is a sacred trust of the people, the authority for which is derived from the people, the powers of which are exercised by the representatives of the people, and the benefits of which are enjoyed by the people.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>これは人類普遍の原理であり、この憲法は、かかる原理に基くものである。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>This is a universal principle of mankind upon which this Constitution is founded.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>われらは、これに反する一切の憲法、法令及び詔勅を排除する。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>We reject and revoke all constitutions, laws, ordinances, and rescripts in conflict herewith.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>日本国民は、恒久の平和を念願し、人間相互の関係を支配する崇高な理想を深く自覚するのであつて、平和を愛する諸国民の公正と信義に信頼して、われらの安全と生存を保持しようと決意した。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>We, the Japanese people, desire peace for all time and are deeply conscious of the high ideals controlling human relationship, and we have determined to preserve our security and existence, trusting in the justice and faith of the peace-loving peoples of the world.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>われらは、平和を維持し、専制と隷従、圧迫と偏狭を地上から永遠に除去しようと努めてゐる国際社会において、名誉ある地位を占めたいと思ふ。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>We desire to occupy an honored place in an international society striving for the preservation of peace, and the banishment of tyranny and slavery, oppression and intolerance for all time from the earth.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>われらは、全世界の国民が、ひとしく恐怖と欠乏から免かれ、平和のうちに生存する権利を有することを確認する。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>We recognize that all peoples of the world have the right to live in peace, free from fear and want.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>われらは、いづれの国家も、自国のことのみに専念して他国を無視してはならないのであつて、政治道徳の法則は、普遍的なものであり、この法則に従ふことは、自国の主権を維持し、他国と対等関係に立たうとする各国の責務であると信ずる。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>We believe that no nation is responsible to itself alone, but that laws of political morality are universal; and that obedience to such laws is incumbent upon all nations who would sustain their own sovereignty and justify their sovereign relationship with other nations.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>日本国民は、国家の名誉にかけ、全力をあげてこの崇高な理想と目的を達成することを誓ふ。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>We, the Japanese people, pledge our national honor to accomplish these high ideals and purposes with all our resources.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>第一章　天皇</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>CHAPTER I. THE EMPEROR</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>第一条　天皇は、日本国の象徴であり日本国民統合の象徴であつて、この地位は、主権の存する日本国民の総意に基く。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>Article 1. The Emperor shall be the symbol of the State and of the unity of the people, deriving his position from the will of the people with whom resides sovereign power.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>第二条　皇位は、世襲のものであつて、国会の議決した皇室典範の定めるところにより、これを継承する。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>Article 2. The Imperial Throne shall be dynastic and succeeded to in accordance with the Imperial House Law passed by the Diet.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>第三条　天皇の国事に関するすべての行為には、内閣の助言と承認を必要とし、内閣が、その責任を負ふ。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>Article 3. The advice and approval of the Cabinet shall be required for all acts of the Emperor in matters of state, and the Cabinet shall be responsible therefor.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
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      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>第四条　天皇は、この憲法の定める国事に関する行為のみを行ひ、国政に関する権能を有しない。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>Article 4. The Emperor shall perform only such acts in matters of state as are provided for in this Constitution and he shall not have powers related to government.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
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      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>天皇は、法律の定めるところにより、その国事に関する行為を委任することができる。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>The Emperor may delegate the performance of his acts in matters of state as may be provided by law.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>第五条　皇室典範の定めるところにより摂政を置くときは、摂政は、天皇の名でその国事に関する行為を行ふ。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>Article 5. When, in accordance with the Imperial House Law, a Regency is established, the Regent shall perform his acts in matters of state in the Emperor's name.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>この場合には、前条第一項の規定を準用する。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>In this case, paragraph one of the preceding article will be applicable.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>第六条　天皇は、国会の指名に基いて、内閣総理大臣を任命する。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>Article 6. The Emperor shall appoint the Prime Minister as designated by the Diet.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>天皇は、内閣の指名に基いて、最高裁判所の長たる裁判官を任命する。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>The Emperor shall appoint the Chief Judge of the Supreme Court as designated by the Cabinet.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>第七条　天皇は、内閣の助言と承認により、国民のために、左の国事に関する行為を行ふ。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>Article 7. The Emperor, with the advice and approval of the Cabinet, shall perform the following acts in matters of state on behalf of the people:</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>一　憲法改正、法律、政令及び条約を公布すること。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>Promulgation of amendments of the constitution, laws, cabinet orders and treaties.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>二　国会を召集すること。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>Convocation of the Diet.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>三　衆議院を解散すること。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>Dissolution of the House of Representatives.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>四　国会議員の総選挙の施行を公示すること。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>Proclamation of general election of members of the Diet.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>五　国務大臣及び法律の定めるその他の官吏の任免並びに全権委任状及び大使及び公使の信任状を認証すること。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>Attestation of the appointment and dismissal of Ministers of State and other officials as provided for by law, and of full powers and credentials of Ambassadors and Ministers.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>六　大赦、特赦、減刑、刑の執行の免除及び復権を認証すること。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>Attestation of general and special amnesty, commutation of punishment, reprieve, and restoration of rights.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>七　栄典を授与すること。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>Awarding of honors.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>八　批准書及び法律の定めるその他の外交文書を認証すること。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>Attestation of instruments of ratification and other diplomatic documents as provided for by law.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>九　外国の大使及び公使を接受すること。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>Receiving foreign ambassadors and ministers.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>十　儀式を行ふこと。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>Performance of ceremonial functions.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>第八条　皇室に財産を譲り渡し、又は皇室が、財産を譲り受け、若しくは賜与することは、国会の議決に基かなければならない。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>Article 8. No property can be given to, or received by, the Imperial House, nor can any gifts be made therefrom, without the authorization of the Diet.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>第二章　戦争の放棄</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>CHAPTER II. RENUNCIATION OF WAR</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>第九条　日本国民は、正義と秩序を基調とする国際平和を誠実に希求し、国権の発動たる戦争と、武力による威嚇又は武力の行使は、国際紛争を解決する手段としては、永久にこれを放棄する。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>Article 9. Aspiring sincerely to an international peace based on justice and order, the Japanese people forever renounce war as a sovereign right of the nation and the threat or use of force as means of settling international disputes.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>前項の目的を達するため、陸海空軍その他の戦力は、これを保持しない。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>In order to accomplish the aim of the preceding paragraph, land, sea, and air forces, as well as other war potential, will never be maintained.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>国の交戦権は、これを認めない。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>The right of belligerency of the state will not be recognized.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>第三章　国民の権利及び義務</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>CHAPTER III. RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF THE PEOPLE</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>第十条　日本国民たる要件は、法律でこれを定める。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>Article 10. The conditions necessary for being a Japanese national shall be determined by law.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>第十一条　国民は、すべての基本的人権の享有を妨げられない。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>Article 11. The people shall not be prevented from enjoying any of the fundamental human rights.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>この憲法が国民に保障する基本的人権は、侵すことのできない永久の権利として、現在及び将来の国民に与へられる。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>These fundamental human rights guaranteed to the people by this Constitution shall be conferred upon the people of this and future generations as eternal and inviolate rights.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>第十二条　この憲法が国民に保障する自由及び権利は、国民の不断の努力によつて、これを保持しなければならない。又、国民は、これを濫用してはならないのであつて、常に公共の福祉のためにこれを利用する責任を負ふ。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>The freedoms and rights guaranteed to the people by this Constitution shall be maintained by the constant endeavor of the people, who shall refrain from any abuse of these freedoms and rights and shall always be responsible for utilizing them for the public welfare.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>第十三条　すべて国民は、個人として尊重される。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>All of the people shall be respected as individuals.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>生命、自由及び幸福追求に対する国民の権利については、公共の福祉に反しない限り、立法その他の国政の上で、最大の尊重を必要とする。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>Their right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness shall, to the extent that it does not interfere with the public welfare, be the supreme consideration in legislation and in other governmental affairs.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>第十四条　すべて国民は、法の下に平等であつて、人種、信条、性別、社会的身分又は門地により、政治的、経済的又は社会的関係において、差別されない。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>All of the people are equal under the law and there shall be no discrimination in political, economic or social relations because of race, creed, sex, social status or family origin.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>華族その他の貴族の制度は、これを認めない。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>Peers and peerage shall not be recognized.</seg></tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu creationdate="20260919T103937Z">
      <tuv xml:lang="ja"><seg>栄誉、勲章その他の栄典の授与は、いかなる特権も伴はない。栄典の授与は、現にこれを有し、又は将来これを受ける者の一代に限り、その効力を有する。</seg></tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="en"><seg>No privilege shall accompany any award of honor, decoration or any distinction, nor shall any such award be valid beyond the lifetime of the individual who now holds or hereafter may receive it.</seg></tuv>
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